Abdul Hamid II

✶September 21, 1842

†February 10, 1918

3 candles burning, 28 lit in all

About their life

Abdülhamid II or Abdul Hamid II was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a period of decline with rebellions, and presided over an unsuccessful war with the Russian Empire (1877–78), the loss of Egypt, Cyprus, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Tunisia, and Thessaly from Ottoman control (1877–1882), followed by a successful war against Greece in 1897, though Ottoman gains were tempered by subsequent Western European intervention.

34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876–1909)

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Biography from the article Abdul Hamid II on the English Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.